Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antioxidant potential of 2, 6-diphenylpiperidine-4-one compounds and their novel imine derivatives

In search of potent molecules having antioxidant activity the present work was designed to synthesize 2, 6diphenylpiperidine-4-one compounds [1a and 1b] and their imine derivatives [2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b]. Compounds 1a and 1b were synthesized by Mannich condensation reaction. The method was found to be simple, convenient with high yield and products were easily separated. Compounds 1a and 1b serves as an intermediate for the preparation of highly functionalized novel imine derivatives. Oxime [2a, 2b] and carbothioamide [3a, 3b] derivatives of 1a and 1b compounds were produced by condensation reaction with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride and thiosemicarbazide respectively. These compounds were characterized by IR, EI-mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of compounds was analyzed by 1, 1- dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] assay method. It was found that substituted aryl derivatives containing phenol and methoxy groups [1b, 2b and 3b] showed better antioxidant activity [IC50 values rang from 1.844.53[micro]g/ml] than unsubstituted aryl derivative [1a, 2a and 3a] [IC50 rang from 6.46-11.13[micro]g/ml]. Compound 1b exhibited excellent antioxidant activity [IC50 1.84 +/- 0.15[micro]g/ml] comparable to standard ascorbic acid [IC501.65 +/- 0.16[micro]g/ml]

Antimalarial and insecticidal activities of newly synthesized derivatives of Benzimidazole

The bioactive benzimidazole and corresponding substituted phenacyl halides has been synthesized [11] new derivatives out of three compounds 8, 10 and 11 were found to inhibit the Plasmodium falciparum moderately after 72 hours of incubation hence acting as antimalarial agents. While these derivatives were exhibited negligible insecticidal activity too when analyzed by impregnated filter paper method

Fetal outcome in singleton pregnancies complicated with polyhydramnios from 28 to 36 weeks

To describe the fetal outcome in singleton pregnancies complicated with polyhydramnios from 28 to 36 weeks. Descriptive study. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from July 2007 to July 2008. Fifty pregnant women diagnosed with polyhydramnios were included. They were evaluated on ultrasonography, amniotic fluid index greater than 25cm or a maximum vertical pocket of liquor greater than 8cm confirmed the diagnosis of polyhydramnios and associated congenital abnormality. A total of 50 patients were included in the study. Mean gestational age was 34.2 +/- 1.4. Thirty patients [60%] had vaginal delivery while cesarean section was done in 20 patients [40%]. Forty patients [80%] had live birth whereas 4 [8%] and 6 [12%] patients had stillbirth and IUD respectively. Weight of 56% of the babies was less than 2.5kg and 44% of the babies more than or equal to 2.5kg with mean weight of 2.4 +/- 0.3kg. Normal babies were seen in 40 patients [80%] while 10 babies [20%] had congenital abnormalities. Out of 40 live born babies, 18 [45%] did not require resuscitation while 22 [55%] were shifted to NICU. Two babies [9%] expired in nursery and 20 babies [91%] were discharged healthy. Polyhydramnios carries a higher incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes, such as fetal distress during labor, low Apgar scores, NICU transfer, fetal death, congenital anomalies and neonatal death from the study population

Identification of the Fungal Pathogen that Causes Strawberry Anthracnose in Bangladesh and Evaluation of In Vitro Fungicide Activity

This study was conducted to identify the Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of strawberry in Balgladesh and to evaluate in vitro activity of commercial fungicides it. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, all 22 isolates were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. They developed white or glittery colonies with grey to dark grey reverse colony colors and they produced cylindrical conidia. The efficacy of five commercial fungicides, Bavistin DF, Dithane M-45, Sulcox 50 WP, Corzim 50 WP and Rovral 50 WP, were tested against the fungus. Bavistin inhibited radial growth completely and was followed in efficacy by Dithane M-45. In Bavistin DF treated media, the fungus did not produce conidia. The percent inhibition of radial growth of the fungus was increased with the increasing concentrations of fungicide.

Determinants for selection of treatment options by the patients suffering from menorrhagia

The present study was conducted to find the spectrum of determining factors for selection of treatment options by the patients suffering from menorrhagia. It was a descriptive study and was conducted at departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Combined Military Hospitals of Mangla Cantt and Malir Cantt from May 2004 to October 2004. Total of 100 patients above 35 years of age complaining of menorrhagia were enrolled in the study group. Detailed history especially about age, parity, wish for further child bearing, previous history of medical therapy and contraindications for hormone therapy was taken followed by pelvic examination and pelvic ultrasonography. Treatment options i.e. medical therapy, hormone releasing intrauterine device [Mirena] and surgery in the form of hysterectomy were discussed with the patients. Sixty five [65%] patients opted for surgical treatment in the first place because they had already tried some form of medical therapy and were not ready to accept further medical trial. Twenty seven [27%] patients accepted medical therapy but 12 patients took medical treatment only for 3 months and 04 more patients requested for surgery after another 02 months. Only 08 [8%] patients accepted Mirena as treatment option. In patients of perimenopausal age hysterectomy remains the main treatment option. Major determinants are low socio-economic status, completion of family and poor compliance for medical therapy. It is recommended that patients should be educated and made aware of mortality and morbidity so that compliance for medical therapy is enhanced

Food habits of silver carp and big head carp in hquaculture dams in winter

Analysis of intestinal contents of silver carp [Hypothalmicthys molitrix] and big head carp [Aristicthys nobilis] were made to know the feeding habits. It showed that silver carp primarily consumed phytoplanktons and few zooplanktons while big head carp consumed larger quantities of phytoplanktons, due to low density of zooplanktons in dam water and also because of the low water temperatures in winters. The temperature during December 2001 to January 2002 ranging from 22°C to 25°C. In silver carp the phytoplanktons identified were present in following percentages Volvox 30%, Microspora 17%, Chlamydomonas 8.7%, Ulothrix 6.5%, Scenedesmus 6.1%, Synedra, Dictyosphaerium, Euglena spp. 4.3%, Coccochloris 2.1%, and zooplanktons were identified to be Enteroplea spp. 6.5%, Branchionus 2.1%, Lecane 2.1%. In big head carp the phytoplanktons identified were in following percentages Spirogyra 34%, Microspora 26%, Spirulina 13%, Synedra 13%, Ulothrix 8.6% and Pinnularia 4.3%. None of the zooplanktons were identified from the gut contents of big head carps